Business Statistics Business in Medical Sector

Question: Portray about the Business Statistics for Business in Medical Sector. Answer: Presentation The business in clinical part has encountered an extreme move in the collaboration of the individuals with the headway in innovation and online networking promoting. Additionally, with approach of PCs, web based business just as web has influenced the media innovation while having an effect by and by and in future. Web-based social networking advertising is one of the new idea presented in clinical the travel industry dependent on the way that the clients in quest for medicines are voyaging. Be that as it may, web based life promoting will give clients a base on their interest, instruction and clinical level training to where they can get best of offices (Hall, 2013). Exploration Aims and Motivation of the Project The exploration point of the examination features the planned of clinical the travel industry in India with uncommon reference to Chennai that has not exclusively been viewed as a center for clinical voyagers yet additionally consolidates internet based life showcasing as one of the device in increasing upper hand for India to develop trust and dedication of global patients (Babu Gade, 2014). In addition, it is portrayed that traditional the travel industry has gotten a result in the ascent of clinical the travel industry with accentuated privatization of human services in quickened globalization with the adjustment in innovation of utilizing online life advertising as a method of advancement (Holden, 2016). Exploration Objectives The exploration destinations that that helps motel breaking down the whole investigation can be given as: To assess the job of clinical the travel industry in India dependent via web-based networking media advertising with exceptional reference to Chennai. To research the essentialness of impact of web based life advertising on clinical the travel industry in India particularly in setting to Chennai. To examine and consider the manners by which web based life advertising increases the value of clients by giving goal to clinical the travel industry To propose the potential suggestions that can improve the strategies for internet based life promoting in Indias clinical the travel industry. Exploration Questions The inquiries that administer the exploration can be given as: What is the job of clinical the travel industry in India dependent via web-based networking media promoting with uncommon reference to Chennai? What is the centrality of impact via web-based networking media showcasing on clinical the travel industry in India particularly in setting to Chennai? How internet based life promoting increases the value of clients by giving goal to clinical the travel industry? What are the potential recommendations to improve the techniques for online networking promoting in clinical the travel industry of India? Foundation of the Study India has the sprouting human services part and is based on the solid establishment of vigorous development through the ascent in per capita salary, mindfulness about dangers, cost viability and the reception of internet based life promoting. Internet based life advertising is one of the methodology conceived by India, which is utilized to spread data in giving successful reaction to address client issues just as complaints as well as to connect with clients to impact clients choice examples dependent on the underlying mindfulness made (Devi, 2012). Be that as it may while taking in thought, the impacts of web based life advertising in India and particularly in Chennai, it has been seen that Chennai has been one of the center point of clinical the travel industry. Chennai has been called to be Indias wellbeing capital on the grounds that the nature of emergency clinics just as specialists. In any case, the state pulls in 45% of the all out outside clinical vacationers originating fro m abroad for treatment to such an extent that with emergency clinics, the lodgings, visitor houses and resorts as a team with the medical clinics (Kumar Raj, 2015). Writing Review Clinical the travel industry is a blossoming area in India. It was evaluated to be a US$3 Billion clinical part in October 2015, with a development projection of US$ 7-8 Billion by 2020. In contrast with created nations, India gives world-class medicinal services offices at a much lower cost. India is the main nation that gives best in class human services administrations and highest caliber of all clinical the travel industry goals at standard with first world nations at one tenth expense of the administrations gave by its US partner, as cited by the Medical Tourism Report of 2015 (Sharma, Sharma Padroo, 2016). After the US and the UK being the biggest source nations for clinical the travel industry in India, presently the Bangladeshis and the Afghans represented 30 percent of remote patients during October 2015. An extreme move has been seen over the most recent 40 years on how individuals lead business activities after the presentation of PCs, Internet, and online business strategies. Web based life is broadly mainstream among the young people of the nation just as the simple UIs have permitted individuals from the past ages to likewise become accustomed to this type of showcasing (Van Dijck, 2013). Individuals are social ordinarily and the data they accumulate from such mediums is significant. Internet based life is here to state and there is no alternative to pick it any longer. Probably the greatest change Indias human services segments is encountering is the adjustment in the clients viewpoint about social insurance administrations with the commencement of cutting edge computerized mediums (Dawn Pal, 2011). Today with the innovative sharpness of clients, they have all the fundamental data at the palm of their hands with simple access to the perspectives and assessments of others for spe edy surveys and information about sicknesses and disease. Web based life is the opening for advertisers to draw in and carefully associate with clients (Gregson et al., 2015). The city of Chennai is frequently called the social insurance capital of India. It is assessed that the Super and Multi-Specialty emergency clinics ordinary acquire around 150 patients over the city. Chennai charms around 45 percent of remote travelers showing up in the nation with 200 outside patients ordinary searching for fantastic wellbeing offices at expendable costs and records for 30 percent of residential wellbeing sightseers (Debata, 2013). The patients from different nations just as from various states from India are assessed of 12,500 beds in the city as residential populace just enslaves half of them. The creation of paramedics just as the most extreme number of specialists and paramedics in the nation is finished by the state. The legislature has plans to start a medicity, which will have an open and private stake in its activities with a dream to extend the extent of clinical the travel industry by 2020. Inferable from the administration backing and endorses of the two emergency clinics and capricious clinical practices has made the express the most favored goal for medicinal services the travel industry (Chakravarthi, 2011). In Chennai, the utilization of web based life as a showcasing device and a stage for clients to assemble data has changed the medicinal services industry of the state. It fits the patients way of life to join viable systems. For instance: there are different applications for patients where he/she is determined to have a clinical issue/condition, and the patient themselves can investigate about the disease through online gatherings to be all around educated about their own condition. Different clients can help the online network by posting important substance and considerations by driving clinical masters and specialists. Patients can likewise ask about the pertinent expenses and weigh out different choices, which can prompt moderate clinical consideration and medicines through a review online without anyone else. It assists clients with depending on shared sentiments and audits to help make up their brains without speaking with the medical clinic concerned (Shore, 2012). Subsequently , emergency clinics take care in giving the best clinical administrations to patients so as to keep a positive rating in the online world to draw in more clients, this implies the medical clinics consistently need to up their game so as to not to lose client base. Obviously, for brands and advertisers in the human services industry, the street ahead is smooth and stacked with circumstances and difficulties. Selection of internet based life channels by the social insurance industry in India is the initial step to speak with their clients in a more straightforward and sincere manner by which the principle thought process is to take a stab at the best client experience for both, the local populace just as our global visitors (KM DSouza, 2012). The web based life models help give farsightedness to boost successful client commitment, empowers examination and bits of knowledge to the most up to date advances on relative reason for the client to concentrate totally upon the significance according to the necessity (Kumar Raj, 2015). Examination Gap The examination hole in the investigation can be featured dependent on the distributed information, as exploration should be led on a huge example that not just covers flow difficulties that the clinical the travel industry holds yet in addition vital zones for future examination into clinical the travel industry and its relationship with internet based life advertising in Chennai. Numerous issues have been raised into more prominent consideration towards therapeutically persuaded travel of outsiders to India looking for gold human services. The exploration comes up short on the proof that India being a creating nation has been confronting part of difficulties whether money related or hierarchical in the human services division. In actuality, while dissecting the heterogeneity in the wellbeing the travel industry business the observational proof is essential to assess the restoratively roused travel in the arrangement of giving wellbeing administrations through online networking show casing (Behrmann Smith, 2010). Exploration Hypothesis The exploration speculation that can add essentialness to the examination can be given as: H0 (Null Hypothesis) Social media promoting has made no impact on clinical the travel industry in Chennai, India. H1 (Alternate Hypothesis) Social media promoting has made huge yet beneficial outcome on clinical the travel industry in Chennai, India. Exploration Design and Methodology Exploration Paradigm The exploration worldview is utilized an apparatus to empower various instruments and strategies to complete the butt-centric

The Upanishads Views Essays - Nondualism, Indian Philosophy

The Upanishads Views The Upanishads sees The Upanishads, were enchanted and theoretical writings. They have impacted Indian strict idea and otherworldly way of thinking just as Buddhism and Jainism. The Upanishads characterize Brahman utilizing how the world it makes. They are the premise of old style ways of thinking, which is known as Vedanta. As per Vedanta (The Upanishads) there are two distinct perspectives which recognize Brahman. 1) Theistic Vedanta and 2) Advaita Vedanta. Initially, Theistic Vedanta is something that has to do with god. It clarifies that Brahman is to a greater degree an individual god. Brahman is supposed to be not absolutely indistinguishable from everything, except everything is a piece of Brahman. The entirety of this hypothesis is called emarationism. So with this view we can say that there is one god whom is the maker of all being and universe. Furthermore, everything is a piece of this god. Besides, the Advaita Vedanta, Brahman resembles an indifferent power. Progressively like a monistic view, which implies that there is just a single reality. It says that Brahman is the main thing that can exist . Everything else is a fantasy. Here there is an endless non-double awareness. Everything is only these cognizance misperceived fantasies. I think both about these perspectives face issues. First the Theistic Vedanta; In this view Brahman is distinguished as one god which made everything. Anyway I think there is a missing point in this definition. It says there is just a single god and it's not indistinguishable from anything, yet all thing are a piece of Brahman. As I would see it the idea of being one god, one maker is a preeminent thing, god is above everyone and anything. I don't imagine that since he made everything that everything must be part from him. To recognize god I feel that all that is expected to done is to watch the things he made for instance, a straightforward cell of a plant or human, and, after its all said and done one can see it's unending supreme force and these things fundamentally don't need to be parts structure Brahman. Besides, The Advaita Vedanta in this view god is viewed as a power. It is neither present nor not existing. It says that it's the main thing that exists among everything. All that we see is a fa?ade and keeping in mind that attempting to comprehend god one ought to recollect that nothing we do or see even our selves is only the hallucination of our awareness. I think in this view the thing I don't comprehend or I see as an issue is that why we can feel , contact anything we can see around us like a table , pencil? . In the event that everything is a deception of our brains misperceived ideas, why there is life and demise . I expect that a deception ought to be a stunt to the natural eye or unbelievable dreams that are believed to be genuine . However, every one of these things are not on the grounds that we can not smell , contact or fell them in the opposite they are impermanent. In the event that we weren't genuine there wouldn't be enduring, neediness and passing however there wou ld be interminable flawlessness. I think the two perspectives are palatable up to a level. They are both the most established perspectives on Indian way of thinking and it has affected numerous religions. For the time that they were rehearsed ( they despite everything are) The appropriate responses they gave were agreeable to the individuals. Anyway today for instance their meaning of god ? Brahman isn't sufficient for m Reasoning Essays

When You Should Completely Quit Drinking

When You Should Completely Quit Drinking Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print When You Should Completely Quit Drinking By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 20, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 14, 2019 Dreet Production / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use If you have been drinking at a level that is considered high-risk or heavy drinking, you may want to consider making a change in your drinking patterns or quit altogether. But which is the best choice for you? Should you try moderating your alcohol consumption, or should you try to quit? Many people do learn to moderate their drinking and are successful in returning to a pattern of low-risk drinking. Just as there are support groups for those trying to quit drinking, there are support groups for those who are trying to cut down or moderate their drinking. When Cutting Back on Drinking Alcohol Does Not Work If you try to cut down but find that you cannot stay within the limits that you set for yourself, it may be best to quit instead. One of the main reasons that people decide to quit drinking and seek help to do so is because they find they have lost the ability to control the amount they drink.?? You are the person who is in the best position to make the decision of whether to cut down or quit. If you can consistently drink one or two drinks and no more, then you may be able to cut down to a low-risk drinking pattern. But if you find that those first two drinks usually trigger an urge for more and you rarely drink only two, chances are moderation is not an option. When You Should Quit Drinking Altogether There are other reasons that quitting drinking may be a better option for you than moderation or cutting down, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). When quitting might be your best option:?? If you have been diagnosed with an  alcohol use disorder, or you currently have symptoms of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence.If you have certain medical conditions, such as cirrhosis of the liver, hepatitis C, chronic pain, certain heart conditions, or mental disorders such as bipolar disorder.If you are taking certain medications that can negatively interact with alcohol.If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Other Reasons to Quit If you are planning to make a change in your drinking, it is best if you discuss the decision with your healthcare provider. Your physician may recommend that you quit drinking based on other factors, including:?? A family history of alcoholismYour ageIf you have had alcohol-related injuriesAlcohol-related sleep disturbances or sexual dysfunction Tips to Try to Moderate Your Drinking Make some small adjustments to the way you drink. It may work for you. If it does not, then adjust and  try something else. You may be able to get drinking back under your control. Tips to try for moderating your alcohol drinking: Keep  track of how much you drink. Make a note in an app or write it down on a piece of paper.Measure  out your drinks at home. Drink standard sizes. Ask bartenders to not top off your drink. Do not supersize your drinks.Set goals  and decide how many days a week you want to drink and how many drinks you will have on those days. Stick to your goals. If you stumble backward, start over the next day.Space out  your drinks. Set a pace  to  your drinking to not more than one per hour. Sip slowly. Make every other drink a glass of water or soda.Eat food  along with your drink. Dont drink on an empty stomach. Food will help your body absorb the alcohol more slowly. Help May Be Needed Whatever your decisionâ€" to cut down or to quit drinkingâ€" there is support available to help you met your goals. If you decide to quit, you may want to seek help. You do not have to do it on your own.

Terms Every Aspiring Journalist Needs to Learn

Journalism, like any profession, has its own set of terms, its own lingo, that any working reporter must know in order to understand what people are talking about in a newsroom and to help produce a great news story. Here then are 10 terms that you should know. Lede The lede is the first sentence of a hard-news story; a succinct summary of the story’s main point. Ledes should typically be a single sentence or no more than 35 to 40 words. The best ledes are ones that highlight the most important, newsworthy and interesting aspects of a news story while leaving out secondary details that can be included later in the story.​ Inverted Pyramid The inverted pyramid is the model used to describe how a news story is structured. It means the heaviest or most important news goes at the top of the story, and the lightest, or least important, goes at the bottom. As you move from the top to the bottom of the story, the information presented should gradually become less important. That way, if an editor needs to cut the story to make it fit a particular space, she can cut from the bottom without losing any vital information. Copy Copy simply refers to the content of a news article. Think of it as another word for content. So when we refer to a copy editor, were talking about someone who edits news stories. Beat A beat is a particular area or topic that a reporter covers. On a typical local newspaper, youll have an array of reporters who cover such beats as the police, courts, city hall and school board. At larger papers, beats can become even more specialized. Papers like The New York Times have reporters who cover national security, the Supreme Court, high-tech industries and health care. Byline The byline is the name of the reporter who writes a news story. Bylines are usually placed at the beginning of an article. Dateline The dateline is the city from which a news story originates. This is usually placed at the start of the article, right after the byline. If a story has both a dateline and a byline, that generally indicates that the reporter who wrote the article was actually in the city named in the dateline. But if a reporter is in, say, New York, and is writing about an event in Chicago, he must choose between having a byline but no dateline, or vice versa.   Source A source is anyone you interview for a news story. In most cases, sources are on-the-record, which means they are fully identified, by name and position, in the article for which they have been interviewed. Anonymous source This is a source who does not want to be identified in a news story. Editors generally frown upon using anonymous sources because they are less credible than on-the-record sources, but sometimes anonymous sources are necessary. Attribution Attribution means telling readers where the information in a news story comes from. This is important because reporters dont always have firsthand access to all the information needed for a story; they must rely on sources, such as police, prosecutors or other officials for information. AP Style This refers to Associated Press Style, which is the standardized format and usage for writing news copy. AP Style is followed by most U.S. newspapers and websites. You can learn AP Style for the AP Stylebook.

Prostitution One Of The Oldest Professions - 2249 Words

Prostitution: one of the oldest professions in the history of time. Prostitution developed as society developed; it grew with the increase in social structure, government and religion. Throughout many historic eras and civilizations, prostitution as an institution diversified and grew to become more complex. It took on different roles in the various sectors of society. Prostitution could be seen as having different roles in religious, government, and community sectors. These different roles in society will be examined in the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, India, and Greece, and Israel. Prostitution took on an important role in ancient religious times. In many civilizations, including Mesopotamia, India, and Greece, prostitutes†¦show more content†¦There were similar religious trends that took place in Israel, Greece, and India. In Israel, a woman’s vows of purity were governed by the dominant man in her life, whether it be husband or father. If her vows were retracted by her dominating male for any reason, this had detrimental effects on her social standing. She might have to resort to prostitution in this situation, which was accepted as long as her earnings were given to the temple. As in other cultures including Mesopotamia and India, it was customary that supporting temple prostitutes in Israel meant paying tribute to the goddess of fertility. In ancient Babylon and Greece, the goddess of fertility that was most popular to worship and pay homage to was Aphrodite. Mesopotamia, it was a customary crossing-over ritual for women to visit the temple, be selected by a random male, and without having any say in the matter, have sex with said male. The fare the male paid went to the church on behalf of payment to the goddesses. In ancient Babylon and Greece, temple prostitution was used to for religious celebrations as well. Where did all of these prostitutes come from that lived and worked in the temples? Many of them were prisoners of war or slaves, some were gifts to the temples from wealthy men, some were given to the temples by husbands and fathers, and some were born into the institution from prostitute-mothers. In some situations, girls were even recruited from the community for their

Economic Policy and Practice Free Essays

Economic Policies And Practices ECO2072 / Professor Gordon 4/5/2013 Assignment Due Date – 4/3/2013 Economic Policies And Practices Understanding the foundation for which our economy and society as a whole is built upon, the need for a controlled and managed monetary system to function effectively in order to facilitate trade and stabilize the flow within our economy is a must. To facilitate this need the federal government implements tools for analyzing the economy in order to regulate and control, and decisions are made based on the inputs and observations made to stabilize and enable the money to grow and retract as required within our economic system. Again, based on the aforementioned, the phrase â€Å"money makes the world go around† therefore can be attributed to the controlled systems, policies and/or a networks of our federal government for which are governed to enhance and manage both the levels of and effects of our financial monetary system. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Policy and Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now As we proceed, we will attempt to explain various government policy changes or unplanned events which can and may occur, and the resulting economic events or activity that will be impacted within our economy and the effects it has upon and within our economy. Implemented Budget Plan Resulting In Increases In Debt And No Plan For Problems As we look at our Federal Governments role in execution and control of our nation’s budget and the current budget deficit we can only pray that those in charge of the decisions utilize the tools available to them to manage and soften the blow to the economy as the deficit grows. Where in the case our government employs a budget plan over several fiscal years and results wherein our economy sustains significant increases in the nation’s debt and displays no signs of relief nor presents no plans to deal with the problems, several outcomes would be likely in the economy. Mankiw, 2009, Ch. 32, P. 706 describes one effect being where government spending exceeds government revenue thus representing negative public saving, therefore reducing national savings, thus reducing the supply of loanable funds, Increasing interest rates, and crowds out investment. Amadeo, 2013 shares additional effects of this scenario wherein the deficit adds to a country’s debt each year and as the debt increases and the interest on the debt must be paid, it increases spending while adding no benefit to the economy. If the interest payments continue to rise, it can begin to create a drag on the economy’s growth. Mankiw, 2009, Ch. 32, P. 706 states additional effects in that when budget deficits raise interest rates, both domestic as well as foreign behaviors cause U. S. net capital outflow to fall. Therefore, in an open economy, our government’s budget deficit raises the economy’s real interest rates, thus crowding out domestic investment, and causing the currency to appreciate, consequently pushing the trade balance toward deficit. Enactment Of New Tariffs And Quotas On All Imports The economy uses a model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply as a means to analyze the economic fluctuations of supply and demand. This model depicts both the overall price levels in the economy and the overall quantity of goods and services produced in the economy. If in fact the Federal Government were to enact new tariffs and quotas on all imports, the economy would indeed experience effects from this activity. Mankiw, 2009, Ch. 33, P. 725-726 describes the model of aggregate demand and supply being what most economist use to explain short-run fluctuations in economic activity around the long-run trend. The aggregate demand curve displays the quantity of goods and services for which households, firms, the government, and customers abroad want to buy at each price level. The aggregate supply curve shows the quantity of goods and services that firms choose to produce and sell at each price level. The impact the economy would incur in the case of tariffs enacted being taxes imposed on imported goods is the increase of the price of the goods in the domestic market, therefore domestic producers benefit due to they receive higher prices, the government benefits through the collection of tax revenues thus resulting in less goods produced and the consumer pays higher prices (Investopedia, 2013). In the case of quotas and their effect on the economy, we find that quotas are numerical limits which are imposed on imported goods and in such a case of enactment consumers are truly harmed by the quotas while domestic and foreign producers will benefit once again by receiving higher prices for goods and services (Investopedia, 2013). Loss Of Confidence In Leadership In Ability To Manage And Create Jobs The Federal government is the entity that steps in when our economy incurs unhealthy conditions within its business cycle. It is presumed that our government has tools to detect and analyze our economy to understand those events that have the potential to alter the economy’s equilibrium. With respect to the aforementioned, problems arise when the general public loses confidence in the leadership and their ability to manage the economy to include job creation. Mankiw, 2009, Ch. 33, P. 741 shares, that in the scenario of lack of confidence we find that consumers again alter their plans for the future cutting back on purchases and spending. The effect of this cutback impacts the aggregate demand curve as well as the aggregate supply curve thus impacting either the short-run equilibrium and/or the long-run equilibrium. The consequences result in falling incomes and rising unemployment due to reduction of output mirroring the shift in aggregate demand responding to lower sales and production. Amadeo, 2013 states; â€Å"consumers who drive 70% of the economy won’t spend if they don’t believe the future will be safe and secure. Therefore, the underlying role of the government is to create confidence, powering the economic growth needed to create jobs†. Decrease Taxes In Effort To Stimulate The Economy Another tool within our government and its fiscal policy to regulate and control economic growth is the taxation level. Some claim that, tax rate cuts can lead to increased economic growth, and wealth, while others claim that by reducing taxes correlates to the benefiting of the wealthy due to they pay the most taxes already. Our government possesses the powers to tax which in turn gives it greater control over its revenues. Mankiw, 2009, Ch. 34, P. 773 shares, that when our government reduces personal income taxes, it increases the take-home pay of consumers. These households will save some of this additional income, and will also spend some of it on goods and services. Because reducing taxes increases consumer spending thus stimulating the economy, the tax cut shifts the aggregate-demand curve to the right. Conversely, a tax increase represses consumer spending and shifts the aggregate-demand curve to the left. The greater question lies in ‘what is the impact in our economy of a tax reduction for those making over $250,000’? Amadeo, 2013 shares that, the government considers those families that earn more than $250,000 yearly are wealthy and therefore should pay more taxes due to their ability to afford it. Amadeo, 2013 continues by stating that, economist say they do not spend these tax cuts, but save and invest them and therefore tax cuts for the wealth do not stimulate the economy. Investment Level’s Decrease Due To Lack Of Confidence In Economy The economy revolves around the ability of consumers to invest their moneys in goods and services or deposit ones excess money into interest bearing savings accounts wherein which the financial institutions would use the funds to make loans to consumers for the purpose of investing in personal interests. The ability to invest is crucial to the long-run of our economy’s success and the functions of aggregate demand and supply and when these levels of investment decrease due to a lack of confidence in the economy several consequences begin to unfold in the economy. Mankiw, 2009, Ch. 33, P. 41 shares that, during such an event many people lose confidence in the future and alter their plans, therefore households cut back on their spending and refrain from major purchases, and businesses retract from the purchases of new equipment. AmosWeb, 2013 states; â€Å"the confidence that consumers have in the economy affects their willingness to undertake consumption expenditures†. A ny change in the confidence of consumers wherein by changing consumption expenditures, will induce changes in the economy’s aggregate demand therefore causing a leftward shift of the demand curve. Interest Rates Kept Artificially Low By Fed’s For Several Years The economy revolves around the interest rates on the many investments of the consumers and plays a crucial part in the spending on goods and services. The impact on the economy can be said to be two fold in the event that interest rates are kept artificially low by the Federal Reserve over a lengthy period of time. Mankiw, 2009, Ch. 33, P. 728 states that, interest rates affect spending on goods and services, therefore a lower interest rate makes borrowing less expensive and it encourages businesses to borrow to invest in operations and equipment as well as it encourages consumers to borrow to invest in self and home. This said, lower interest rates increase the quantity of goods and services in the economy. Conversely, Shilling, 2012 shares that artificially lower interest rates can have negative impacts on consumers in where those who are saving money are now receiving minimal to little return on their bank and money market accounts. Additionally, the day of the free checking accounts are fading away as well as banks and thrifts who deal with the lower interest earnings are increasing the amounts of required balances on checking accounts that pay zero interest up to a set minimum. It is also noted that many savers are leaving the money markets funds for the protection of accounts covered by the Federal deposit insurance corp. which is displayed in the M2 velocity of money. Conclusion Based on the aforementioned and the understanding of the foundation for which our economy and society as a whole is built upon, the need for a controlled and managed economic system to function effectively in order to facilitate trade and stabilize the flow within our economy is a must. To facilitate this need, the federal government implements policies and practices within the economy in order to regulate and control, and base decisions on those inputs and observations in order to stabilize and enable the money to grow and retract as required within our economic system to maintain a balanced equilibrium. Again, based on the aforementioned, the phrase â€Å"money makes the world go around† therefore can be attributed to the controlled systems, policies and/or networks of our federal government for which are governed to enhance and manage both the levels of and effects of our financial monetary system. Reference Amadeo, K. (2013). Budget deficit. U. S. Economy, Retrieved from http://useconomy. about. com/od/glossary/g/Budget_Deficit. htm Amadeo, K. (2013). Job creation – statistics, ideas, and job creation by president. U. S. Economy, Retrieved from http://useconomy. about. com/od/Employment/tp/Job-Creation. htm Amadeo, K. (2013). Should families making over $250,000 a year get tax cuts? President George Bush Tax cuts, Retrieved from http://useconomy. about. com/u/ua/usfederaltaxesandtax/Tax-Cuts-Should-The-Wealthy-Get-Tax-Cuts. htm AmosWeb. (2013). Consumer confidence, aggregate demand How to cite Economic Policy and Practice, Papers

Changes in Architecture throughout history free essay sample

Architecture is the art and science of designing and building shelter for various human activities by enclosing space. At its best, it is a major art form that combines usefulness with beauty. When designing a building, the architect considers the structural system and materials to be used, the purpose of the building, and the size, shape, location, and contours of the site. He or she must also understand the working or living patterns of the people who will occupy or use the building.   Architecture may be religious, domestic, governmental, commercial, or industrial. It expresses the interests and ideals of a civilization, and reflects the ways of living and the construction methods of the era in which it was produced. The Christian religion became a dominant influence in medieval Europe and is expressed in the Gothic cathedrals. High-rise office buildings reflect the importance of business of 20th-century life (Squire, 2003). Architecture has been influenced not only by religious, political, social, and economic conditions, but also by the climate and available building materials of a region, and by inventions and scientific discoveries. In far northern lands of forests, heavy snow, and little sunlight, for instance, wooden structures with steeply sloping roofs and many windows became common. In southern lands where wood is scarce and there is little rain and much sunlight, buildings were often made of sun-dried brick, with flat roofs and only a few small windows. With the technological advances of the 20th century, regional differences in architecture became less obvious (Musgrove, 2000). The importance of climate and natural resources diminished with improved methods of transportation and with improved heating ventilation. Architectural styles differ in structural methods, building materials, and surface ornamentation. Three principles of building have governed architectural style—post and lintel, the arch, and the cantilever. The purposes of this paper are to understand and have an in-depth study on the changes in architecture throughout time. II. Background A. The Renaissance The Renaissance period in architecture began in Italy in the 15th century. By the end of the 16th century, Renaissance architecture had spread throughout Western Europe. Although it was inspired by Roman architectural forms, Byzantine and Gothic construction methods were used and improved on. The Renaissance movement developed in each country along national lines. There were several common characteristics, however. The Romans orders of architecture and the round arch were reintroduced and used for both structural and ornamental purposes. A major concern of renaissance architects was the external effect of a building. Horizontal lines and the symmetrical arrangement of windows and doors emphasized balance and serenity. The dome, raised on a drum, became a prominent feature. Church building continued, but there was more emphasis on the construction of houses and civic buildings (Caudill, 2001). Emphasis on the importance of the individual was a major aspect of the Renaissance period. For the first time, individual architects were recognized and honored. III. Discussion A. Prehistoric Architecture Early humans had neither time nor skill to do more than meet the basic need for shelter. Some people found shelter in caves. Others built simple windbreaks or made crude huts of woven reeds plastered with mud. As communities were established, people built large stone structures called megaliths, such as Stonehenge in England. Dolmens, megaliths thought to have served as tombs, consist of several upright stone slabs supporting a horizontal slab.   Although megaliths do not entirely enclose space, they represent beginnings of what might be called architectural thinking (Salvadori, 2002). They are the simplest examples of the earliest known principle of building—the post and lintel. B. Ancient Architecture Egypt. Post and lintel construction was widely used in ancient Egypt. The chief buildings—tombs and temples—are characterized by simplicity and solidity. The earliest form of the tomb of which examples remain is the mastaba, an oblong structure of sun-dried brick with a flat roof and sloping exterior walls. From the mastaba developed the pyramids (the tombs of the pharaohs), built during the Old Kingdom. During the Middle Kingdom, the Egyptians cut tombs and temples into rock cliffs along the Nile. The great period of temple building was the New Kingdom, or Empire period. Many temples were built at Karnak and Luxor, near Thebes. All these temples were built on basically the same plan. An avenue of sphinxes led to the pylon, a gateway consisting of two massive walls with sloping sides flanking the entrance. On both sides of the pylon stood obelisks, tall, tapering stone shafts (Munro, 2004). Inside, a roofless colonnaded court led to the covered hypostyle hall, crowded with massive columns that supported the roof. Beyond the hall was the sanctuary. The ancient Egyptians knew the principle of the arch and used it in their homes and secular buildings. Since these structures were made chiefly of sun-dried mud brick, few examples have survived. Archeological excavations show that houses were two or three stories high and often had arched ceilings. Western Asia. The valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers lacked stone and timber; therefore sun-dried and kiln-baked bricks were the chief building materials of ancient Mesopotamia. When used as decorative facing on important buildings, the bricks were glazed in different colors. Ancient Mesopotamian architecture often used the arch. Thick walls were built to support arches and barrel- vaulted roofs. Fortifications, temple complexes, and palaces were built on platforms as protection against the frequent floods. Temples were the chief buildings of the Babylonians. Situated near the center of a city, groups of temples served civic and commercial as well as religious needs. Each temple complex was dominated by a ziggurat, a terraced tower. Ramps or flights of stairs connected the various levels and led to a small shrine at the top. The Biblical Tower of Babel in Babylon was a ziggurat (Squire, 2003). Although the Assyrians also built temples and ziggurats, palaces were their major architectural concern. An elaborate gateway led to the palace, consisting of groups of long, narrow rooms opening on courtyards. Both stone and timber were available in Persia, and both post and lintel and arch construction were used. Large halls with slender columns and great commercial stairways richly decorated with relief sculpture are the characteristic features of Persian architecture. Aegean Architecture. One of the early civilizations that developed around the Aegean Sea was the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete. Houses and palaces, the most important buildings, were built of various materials—wood, stone, gypsum, stucco. Post and lintel construction was used. The ruined palace at Knossos (Cnossus) shows the mazelike plan of rooms, courtyards, and staircases that probably gave rise to the legend of the labyrinth (Salvadori, 2002).   A plumbing system brought running water to the palace and the private houses around it. The architecture of the Mycenaean civilization on the mainland of southern Greece differed greatly from that on Crete. It is characterized by the use of stone and the corbelled vault. Palaces and tombs were the chief buildings of architectural interest. The palace usually crowned an acropolis, the high, fortified part of the city. In the lower city, beehive-shaped tombs were cut into the hillsides. These beehive tombs are distinguished by their corbelled domed roofs. C. Classical Architecture Greek Architecture. It was based on the post and lintel principle, and the column is one of its distinguishing features. Colonnades were often used. The Greeks never used the arch in their major buildings, but often used it in inconspicuous places on unimportant structures. Buildings were constructed of marble or coarse stone, such as limestone. The most important Greek buildings were temples that housed statues of gods. Not intended for congregational worship, temples were planned principally for external effect and are marked by dignity and grandeur. The most common type of temple was rectangular and stood on a stepped platform. In the center room, called naos or cella, stood the statue of a god (Caudill, 2001). Occasionally, there was a small room at the entrance of the naos and one at the rear. A single or double row of columns formed the temple’s portico (entrance). In large temples a colonnade, or peristyle, surrounded the naos. Three orders (styles distinguished by the details, proportions, and decoration of a column and entablature) developed in Greek architecture—the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The orders were used by the Romans and influenced architecture during the Renaissance and the 19th century. Roman Architecture. It was marked by great feats of engineering. The development of the arch was Rome’s greatest contribution to architecture. With the vault, dome, and roof-truss, the Romans were able to create well-lighted vast interior spaces in their great public baths and in such temples as the Pantheon (Munro, 2004). The Romans united engineering and architectural grace in utilitarian projects, such as aqueducts, as well as in their amphitheaters, basilicas (law courts), and other public buildings. Roman architects often combined the Greek post and lintel style with arched forms, as in the Colosseum in Rome. They adapted the three Greek orders of architecture and added two more of their own—the Tuscan, a plainer version of the Doric, and the Composite, a combination of the Corinthian and Ionic. Temples were both circular and rectangular. The rectangular temple stood on a raised platform, or podium. A broad stairway led to a deep portico. The cella was the full width of the building, and much of it was surrounded by a colonnade attached to or built into the wall. In addition to palaces, domestic architecture included the private city house, or domus; the country house, or villa; and apartment houses built in long narrow blocks called insulae. Apartment houses were usually four or five stories high, and often had shops and stores on the first floor. Large windows and balconies were common (Musgrove, 2000). D. The 17th and 18th Centuries Italy. Baroque architecture began in Italy in the early 17th century. A bold, unconventional style, it is characterized by curved lines and elaborate ornamentation. Vast sweeping stairways, broken pediments, and buildings of enormous size planned for dramatic effect are notable features of the Baroque style. Curved forms used both structurally and ornamentally, give Baroque buildings a modeled or sculptured quality. The Italian Baroque movement centered in Rome, where Giovanni Bernini and Francesco Borromini were the leading architects. In his design of St. Peter’s Square, Bernini placed statues on top of the colonnade, producing the broken-silhouette skyline that became characteristics of Baroque style (Musgrove, 2000). France. The 17th century is the great age of French Renaissance architecture. The exteriors of buildings combine the regularity and geometric simplicity of the Italian Renaissance with elements of the Baroque style. The vast size of buildings, broken-silhouette skylines, luxuriant interior decoration, and the planned garden are baroque influences. The east faà §ade of the Louvre and the park faà §ade of Versailles Palace have the common low-pitched roof and balustrade. The Rococo style was popular in the 18th century but, as in Italy, was replaced late in the century by Neoclassicism. Jacques Germain Soufflot’s Pantheon in Paris is typical of late-18th-century architecture (Squire, 2003). England. The architecture of the first quarter of the 17th century, called Jacobean, remained transitional. As in France, there was a reaction against the mingling of Gothic and Renaissance elements. Inigo Jones, with his design of the Banqueting House Whitehall, London, began the movement to a more formal classicism that is termed Palladian. Sir Christopher Wren, influenced by French architecture, introduced Baroque elements. Architecture of the late 17th century is called Stuart. Balance, symmetry, and simplicity of ornament characterize 18th-century architecture. The several trends of that century, including the Baroque and Palladian, are called Georgian. Brisk became a common building material, and brick houses trimmed with white stone and woodwork are popularly called Georgian. Other European Countries. In Germany and Austria, the Baroque and Rococo styles were raised to new heights by J.B. Fischer von Erlach, Balthasar Neumann, and others. Churches and palaces built on a large scale, had profusely decorated interiors and exteriors. In the Rococo phase there was much use of white, gold, blue, and other light colors in the exuberant ornamentation. The Zwinger in Dresden and the Belvedere and Karlskirche in Vienna are characteristics buildings (Squire, 2003). E. Architecture in the 19th Century By the end of the 18th century architects had turned away from the Baroque and Rococo styles. Their desire to find new forms led them to ancient and medieval architectural styles, and the 19th century is often called the age of revivals. Classic Revival.   Neoclassicism in architecture appeared in many forms. Influences of ancient Rome are reflected in the Roman Revival style; those of ancient Greece, in the Greek Revival. In the United States Greek and Roman forms were adapted for banks, state capitols, schools, and other buildings. The Greek Revival style had the widest appeal. Among the numerous examples are Arlington House in Arlington National Cemetery and the Treasury Building in Washington, D.C. (Squire, 2003). Thomas Jefferson is considered the father of the American Classic Revival style. His State Capitol in Richmond is typical of Roman Revival. Other outstanding architects of the period include Charles Bulfinch, Benjamin Latrobe, and Robert Mills. Gothic Revival. Growing out of the Romantic Movement in literature, the Gothic revival began, and attained its greatest importance, in England. The earliest example of Gothic Revival in the United States is Richard Upjohn’s Trinity Church in New York City. Grace Church and St. Patrick’s Cathedral in New York City, both designed by James Renwick, are other examples. After the Civil War the movement became popular in domestic architecture (Caudill, 2001). Gothic revival houses are marked by elaborate ornamental gables and porches. Eclecticism. In the second half of the century architects based their designs on a variety of historical styles including Egyptian, Romanesque, Gothic, Moorish, Byzantine, and Renaissance. This practice of selecting architectural forms and details from a variety of sources came to be called eclecticism. In the United States, architects often combined several styles in a single building. Eclectic architects used modern materials and construction techniques for which the old styles were quite unsuited. As a result, great Roman arches or Doric columns were combined with steel frames in such a way that the ancient detail became mere surface decoration (Caudill, 2001). An example found in many cities is the skyscraper atop a structure that looks like a Greek temple. Other Developments. The introduction of iron, steel, and reinforced concrete in building construction and the development of the elevator had a profound effect on architecture. Throughout the Revival and Eclectic periods, architects and engineers were experimenting with new building materials and construction techniques. The greatest structural advances, however, such as the Roeblings in their Brooklyn Bridge and Gustave Eiffel in his famous tower. F. Twentieth-century Architecture New building materials, new construction techniques, and the problems of an industrialized urban society led to a variety of architectural styles. Many architects continued to design Eclectic buildings. Others created highly original designs in reinforced concrete, steel, and glass.   Often emphasis was placed in functionalism, the idea that the design of a building should express and aid its use or function (Musgrove, 2000). Beginnings. Twentieth-century architecture had its roots in the closing quarter of the 19th century. In the United States the structural experiments of Jenney, Dankmar Adler, Louis Sullivan, and other Chicago architects led to the development of the skyscraper. Sullivan, especially, contributed much to skyscraper design. His aim was to let a structure’s function and building materials determine its design. He expressed this view in the phrase â€Å"form follows function† (Musgrove, 2000). IV. Conclusion In conclusion, centuries before the Americas were colonized, many Indian civilizations flourished. In central North America, people built earth mounds for religious purposes. In the southwest the Cliff Dwellers and Pueblo Indians built multi-storied terraced homes. On the other hand, the architecture produced by the followers of Islam influenced both Eastern and Western architectural styles. Although it varied from country to country, mosques and tombs were the most important buildings. Reference: Caudill, W.W., and others (2001). Architecture and You: How to Experience and Enjoy Buildings (Watson-Guptill, 1999). Munro, Roxie (2004). Architects make Zigzags: Looking at Architecture from A to Z (Preservation Press, 1995). Musgrove, John (2000). Sir Banister Fletcher’s A History of World Architecture, 22nd edition (Butterworth’s, 1997). Salvadori, Mario (2002). Structure in Architecture: the Building of Buildings (Prentice-Hall, 1999). Squire, J.C. (2003). A Practical Guide to the Understanding of Architecture (Gloucester Arts Press, 2000).

Imagine Waking Up Every Morning And Knowing That You Have Been Infecte

Imagine waking up every morning and knowing that you have been infected with the AIDS virus, and could die in a couple of years. What if their was something you could do to slow the affects of the virus to live a longer life expectancy? Would you inhale a joint of marijuana, even if it was prescribed by a physician? I believe the majority of people would take the chance to live longer, especially if it meant that they could see a new smiling face each day, another pleasant cheer of laughter to be heard, and a bright colorful sunset to be seen. Marijuana is a relatively mild, nonaddictive drug with hallucinogenic properties, obtained from the flowering tops, stems, and leaves of the hemp plant. Resins found on the surface of the female plant are used to prepare the most potent form of marijuana, hashish. The primary active substance is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Marijuana produces a dreamy, euphoric state of altered consciousness, with feelings of detachment and gaiety. The appetite is usually enhanced, while the sex drive may increase of decrease.(******) Though exposed with an increasing number in the 1960s up to todays time period, marijuana usage has been an entertainment bandstand throughout the years, and has taken peoples minds to unseen worlds. With all the talk about how great this fantasy drug is, the majority of people do not realize the history that it has, with the ways it affects us, and the medical uses that it provides for us. Many citizens of this world today acknowledge the thought of marijuana as a negative source, but in contrast is has an extremely positive acceptance when dealing with the medical field. Throughout time many people have obtained the thought that marijuana is an evil drug that destroys people lifestyles, and has been only used by those of what some people call as hippies or stoners. When in fact marijuana has been used for past centuries for medical use. In about 2700 B.C, the Emperor Shen-Nung discovered the plant known as cannabis, where marijuana comes from. The ancient Chinese formed many remedies in the form of a liquid extract to help relieve pain from people suffering from menstrual fatigue, malaria, gout, and constipation. Later on, these Chinese solutions spread to Middle East, Central Asia, Greece, and Rome. In 1621, cannabis was recommended by an English clergyman, named Robert Burton, to treat depression. Coming upon the turn of the 19th century, more than a quarter of a million Americans had been addicted to cannabis related drugs, along with cocaine, heroin, and morphine. In 1914 the Harrison Narcotics Act was initiated among America, which was the beginning of many laws confining drugs. Marijuana had soared new heights in popularity during the 1960s, and users started obtaining its therapeutic advantages. US soldiers took the benefits of this drug, during Vietnam, to relieve the pain of spinal cord injuries and to also reduce muscle spasms. About a decade later, marijuanas pharmaceutical capabilities began to capture the attention of sick patients around America, and many of these citizens were being arrested for possession of marijuana. To get marijuana into the hands critically ill cancer patients, at least 20 states passed laws allowing their health departments to conduct research on cannabis medicinal effectiveness, using marijuana provided by the federal governments Investigational New Drug (IND) program. The IND program allowed experimental drugs to be made available to critically ill patients for compassionate use.(*********) But because of governmental restrictions and laws only six states got the chance to perform these investigation; which included New Mexico, California, New York, Tennessee, Michigan, and Georgia. In spite of the fact that the use of marijuana has been illegal in the United States since 1937, research has continued on medical uses of marijuana up to today. One of the most interesting findings was the effect of marijuana in reducing intracular pressure. As the amount of marijuana increased in dosage the pressure within the eye decreased by up to 30%, whether it occurred in a normal persons as well as in those with glaucoma.(*******) In 1949, two doctors, Davis and Ramsey, performed a study on 5 epileptic children and the effect of THC on these children. Five of these children, all had severe symptomatic grand mal epilepsy with mental

The Making of an Unequal Society

The Making of an Unequal Society Joseph Stiglitz believed that inequality in America was the result of a conspiracy between the rich and powerful. He also added that the U.S. government assisted them. He placed blame on their shoulders and he was angry because of his convictions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Making of an Unequal Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Stiglitz acknowledged that there are other forces at work but conceded that the major reason for the inequality is due to the actions of the wealthy, the corrupt and the opportunists. Stiglitz labeled the ability of the rich and powerful to steal from the weak as the art of rent seeking. Stiglitz observation must be considered in order to build an egalitarian society. Stiglitz traced the root-cause of inequality and said that it can be traced back to the acquisition of military power in ancient times. He said that the rich and powerful seized power in order to extract resources from the people that they have dominated. An overview of feudal systems and empires can easily confirm this assertion. Kings, landlords, warlords, emperors and pharaohs demonstrated the immutable fact that those who had the military and economic power to subdue people can force others to pay tribute. They also earned the capability to allocate resources in their favor. The author said that the ultimate goal of corrupt leaders and businessman is not to create wealth but to transfer wealth. He added that the rich and powerful had perfected various schemes that compeled others to pay tribute even if they did not work for it. The author said that this phenomenon is called rent seeking. Stiglitz cited examples such as: 1) hidden and open transfers and subsidies from government; 2) laws that make the marketplace less competitive; 3) lax enforcement of existing competition laws; and 4) statutes that allow corporations to take advantage of others or pass costs on to the rest of society (St iglitz, p.39). Stiglitz condemned rent seeking and used strong terms to denounce the evil created by corrupt members of society and he wrote:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To put it baldly, there are two ways to become wealthy: to create wealth or take wealth away from others. The former adds to society. The latter typically subtracts from it, for in the process of taking it away, wealth gets destroyed (Stiglitz, p.32). One can just imagine the wasted opportunities when wealth was destroyed through corruption. At the same time one can just imagine the ripple effect of a single act of benevolence. A businessman that created a high-quality product and sold it at the right price contributed in the creation of a better society. But a greedy businessman with inferior products and overpriced goods sold will create inefficiency in society. Stiglitz also condemned predat ory lending practices and expressed his displeasure when he stated that the government’s inability to curb credit card woes was an outrageous form of social injustice. He added that the government must intervene and that policymakers should establish rules and regulations that will protect the poor from unscrupulous businessmen. Stiglitz argued that the solution to inequality is effective income distribution. He said that it is the byproduct of both political and economic processes. Therefore, the government must exert political will in order to shape and control the economic process so that it does not only favor the powerful and the rich. For example, a company’s failure can be traced to the hefty bonuses given to the CEO. The outrageous sums of money given to corporate heads led to the downfall of certain companies because the CEOs were forced to manipulate financial data in order to show that the company is profitable and therefore strengthen their hold on their po sition of authority as well as their large pay bonuses. The government can end this problem by enforcing laws against different forms of fraudulent business practices. Aside from creating effective laws and enforcing them, there is another way that the government can help in the process of income distribution and this is through a more practical and effective method of raising revenue through taxes. The problem of taxation becomes evident when it comes to the amount of money collected through the extraction of natural resources. Stiglitz said that most of the time, the government fails to collect the correct amount that has to be paid after mining firms had extracted minerals from government lands. Stiglitz therefore concluded that in effect this is comparable to giving money away to the rich and powerful.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Making of an Unequal Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the govern ment develops a better system to ensure effectvie collection of taxes and fees, then, there are more funds that can be used to help poor families. Furthermore, there will be more funds that can be used to create opportunities for those who wanted to break the power of poverty over their lives. If Stiglitz can prove his claim that the government failed to collect the correct amount of taxes from mining firms and other companies, then, there are hundreds of millions of dollars that remained in the hands of the rich and powerful. The same resources should have been re-distributed in favor of the less fortunate. One can just imagine the impact of an additional $1 billion in taxes that can expand the scope of public service. Consider for instance the impact of an additional $2 billion injected into the public school system. Consider the impact if the government has enough money to finance the education of 1,000 college students. Conclusion Stiglitz was correct when he said that rent seek ing could destroy an economy. The financial crisis of 2008 was a powerful reminder of what can happen if power is concentrated in the hands of a few people. Stiglitz pointed out that since the beginning of time the rich and powerful will do everything to maintain the status quo. Stiglitz also highlighted an important fact and he said that rent seeking required a sophisticated and concerted effort. It is difficult to dismantle the apparatus that created rent seeking. It is difficult to eradicate rent seeking because one can only dismantle the said apparatus with the help of the government. Rent seeking can be destroyed through the ratification of particular laws that will create checks and balances in the system. The government plays a vital role in the eradication of rent seeking because it will require political will to go after white-collar crimes. However, the regulatory agencies that were established to monitor industries and enforce laws are manned by people from the private se ctor. For example the energy regulatory agency is under the supervision of people that used to work in oil companies. Stiglitz said that these people who were appointed to a government post will never do anything to jeopardize their standing in the said industry. They knew that their present job in the government will not last long. In some cases their position is dependent on the next presidential election. Therefore, they will do everything in their power to appease the CEOs so that they will be assured of a comfortable and profitable job when they go back to the private sector.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stiglitz, Joseph. The Price of Inequality.New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. Print.

Accounting case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Accounting case - Essay Example les and production department, the department could not complete the order based on standard costing since there were significant labor cost variations which would then be assigned in the department’s budget. Labor also worked over time which added to the costs of the department, leading to a production batch that was more expensive than other regular batches (Caplan, 2012). One of the key ways that most organizations use to manage their costing systems is to use a standard costing mechanism and use flexible budgeting in order to cater to such variations which are inevitable in such organizations where some orders may come in for rush production. With flexible budgeting, the variations between actual and budgeted costs are utilized to evaluate futuristic trends and seasonable patterns. In this manner, the organization can use not only the same standard costing mechanisms but also flexible patterns in order to help predict how costs may vary in case of such non standard practices like overtime production, or production in shorter timelines (Caplan, 2012). Caplan, D. (2012). Management Accounting: Concepts and Techniques. Retrieved June 27, 2012, from Oregon State University:

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Project Management - Essay Example Enterprise holdings has positioned itself as one of the leading transport companies in the world but is facing increasing competition. This calls for constantly enhancing the capacity of its workforce so that they can deliver quality services that exceed the customer’s expectations and overcome the challenges in the transport industry. Objectives The following objectives will guide the project team in achieving the mission of this this project and ultimately contributing to the success of Enterprise holdings at different phases of the project implementation cycle: 1. To review and evaluate current training in the Northwest. 2. To develop and expand the training initiative to all branches of Enterprise holdings in the United Kingdom. 3. To develop an effective training curriculum and training programmes to be used by Enterprise holdings in the United Kingdom. 4. To train all Enterprise holdings staff on emerging trends in the transport industry. While these are the pre-set obje ctives, the successful implementation of the project could also lead to other unforeseen objectives and benefits. Stakeholder analysis A project of this magnitude requires the participation of qualified personnel from outside the company with the necessary expertise and experience. ... Participating in monitoring and evaluating the success of the employee training program. Trainers Developing the training content as well as facilitating the training of employees Enterprise holdings Provision of training venues and equipment as well as financing the training exercise. Professionals in the transport industry Identification of aspects of emerging trends and practises in the industry that the staff need to be trained on. Employees To identify areas where they need to be trained on and to attend the training sessions. Project coordinator Leading the project team in planning, implementing and monitoring the training exercise. Also documents and reports on project activities. External monitoring and evaluation expert In collaboration with the project team, he will assist in determining if the objectives of the project have been met and making recommendations on areas that may require additional training. All the identified stakeholders will be contacted in time and will b e engaged in developing the implementation plan for the project. Measuring success Regular assessments will be made to know if the project is on course to achieving its goals. A combination of tools and techniques such as observation check list, questionnaires and interview guides will be used in determining the success of the program. The success of the employee training programs will be measured through a monitoring and evaluation exercise at different stages of the project. This will make it necessary for appropriate modifications to be made on the project implementation if it is determined that the project is not on course to achieving its goals and

Heart of darkness

Heart of darkness One of the central issues that arise from Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness (1899) is the colonialist bias used to misrepresent the African race. Whilst Conrad was not himself accountable for the xenophobic westernised image of Africa, his story maintains the damaging stereotyping of native people. By painting them as bestialised, barbaric, primitive and uncivilised, he explores the black race through the lens of a hegemonic European representation; Conrads uses of myth and metaphor supported the colonial conquest of African people on the colonisers assumption that these people were racially inferior. Nevertheless, Conrad was writing at a time when the historical representation of Africans had always been a discourse of racism. Also, perhaps Conrad failed to appropriately depict Africans because he recognized little of their culture, having primarily spent time with white men during his 6 months at the African Congo. Moreover, by undermining imperial superiority and giving satanic ref erences to the colonisers, one may contend he is similarly insulting towards the Europeans, and that his exaggerated racism seeks to ridicule Europes civilising mission, and expose the ingrained racist ideals of Victorian imperialists. Marlow, the central protagonist and narrator of Heart of Darkness, expresses old racist prejudices against the Africans: They howled and leaped, and spun, and made horrid faces, but what thrilled you was the thought of their humanity like yoursUgly. Not only does he deny the Africans a distinction of a name, he also rids them of normal human behaviour. Marlow belittles them with derogatory language, stressing that they mimic animalistic behaviour and have no methods of speech outside of violent babble and crude grunts. According to Chinua Achebe, these representations call the very humanity of black people into question. On the matter of communication, it is noteworthy that a small amount of English syllables are placed into the mouths of one or two Congolese Africans. It is in submitting to the hegemonic language of the coloniser that Conrad replaces native culture with his own, which he considers superior. It is this supposition of an advanced humanity which leads Achebe to brand Conrad a through-going racist. Nonetheless, it can be argued that Marlow is a product of a fairly racist era in history; a period in which racist discourses remained structured by Empire to legitimize its political ideology of suppression over the Africans. Like his contemporaries, Conrad is writing at a time where it was acceptable to view Africans as the other, and by overusing the words savage and nigger, he conforms to the racist sentiments of the day. Consequently, his story which was published in the Blackwood magazine, targets the conservative politics of the late nineteenth century. Furthermore, Conrad mentions in his authors note that his over exaggeration of the savage image had the purpose of bringing it home to the minds and bosoms of the reader. This admittance of a distorted characteristic account of the natives may explain his savage depiction of them. He also uses these images to make the setting realistic, accentuating the novels grave themes of darkness, and fear of the unknown. Being a victim of his time, Conrads portrayals of the African race also conform to the evolutionary trope of Charles Darwins theory of evolution. By painting Africans as the prehistoric man, and portraying Marlows voyage upriver as travelling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, Conrad integrates the temporal evolutionary trope in Heart of Darkness; he suggests that Europeans are at a more superior position, since the Africans have not yet emerged from prehistory. His repeated animalistic images of the natives place Africans at the low end of the scale: one of the creatures rose to his hands and knees and went off on all fours towards the river to drink. Linking in with Darwinism science, Conrad reduces the Africans into a subspecies between apes and Caucasians. The African here is represented as a modern ancestor, an animal, a barely human body without intelligence. Consequently, he views the Africans as prehistoric evils in desperate need of European influence and evolutio n; an outlook which reaffirms him as the personification of colonialism. Darwins views which had become entrenched in society are used here by Marlow to provide the principal ideological support for imperialism. Suggests that Europeans are at a more superior position, as opposed to the Africans since the latter has not yet emerged from prehistory Though truthful, Marlow is a prejudiced man; he is the personification of colonialism. Going into the Congo, Marlow views the natives as prehistoric evils in desperate need of white influence and civilization. Throughout the physical journey, Marlow is confronted with the natives time and time again, seeing them chained as slaves, living in a village and attacking his own steam boat. Marlow holds fast his prejudiced view of the natives, referring to them as savages or calling them by more derogatory terms such as niggers. Through his exploration, he questions the humanity of Africans. According to him this deliberate stylistic obfuscation merely aided to satisfy the racial sentiments of the day, and Conrad was only acting as the purveyor of comforting myths Counter argue that he was a polish writer who had to show his mettle with the English language However, in his authors note he writes how over exaggeration is used. Sombre theme given sinister resonance perhaps explains the extreme savage image. It can also be said Much of his animalistic language of the black race conforms to the evolutionary trope of Charles Darwin whose views became entrenched in society. African on all fours like ants. So for someone, who had little contact, he makes use of these derogatory stereotypes, and it can be said that he relies on these preconceived ideas and western baggage since they dominate his descriptions. Maintains, and justifies imperialism, and although he witnesses the horror of colonialism and suppression of the Africans, it is interesting to note his approval of efficient imperialist activity. However, his constant questioning of imperialist values, and the sham of it all, reveal his anti essentialist views. slightly flatter noses. This acknowledges that the black race is more or less equal to whites, barring a few inconsequential physical attributes. Kurtz on the other hand shows no remorse whatsoever. He holds the absolute essential view to exterminate all the blacks. He holds the ideology of making the black race extinct. Hes a ruthless ivory trader, and arranges for the dead heads to displayed on poles. The white race use crude violence, and brute force. Very occasionally the natives show resistance, but their left largely helpless against the overpowering military control of the Europeans. They have no authority or voice. The colonists have become corrupted. They are blinded by the notion that this is their sacred duty to uphold the superiority of the colonial empire and white heritage. Through Marlow disapproval, he shows and exposes the Europeans, is equally deameaning, offensive, and undermines their superiority. flabby white devils.. Critiques immoral European behaviour. Transcends such prejudice, shows him to rise above racism. Ridicules benevolent project of civilisation. Uses an ambivalent tone to show the violent colonial enterprise. Kurtz the ultimate satanic, racist. Has the heart of darkness. However if he is showing Africa to be the reason for the deterioration of the European mans morale, it merely becomes a backdrop which eliminates the African as human factor. They have become marginalised. This marginalisation shows further through Kurtz mistress. He is racist towards her, but not so to his white woman. 333 But its interesting, that Marlow does approve of efficient colonialism. Puts in a section of Brtish colonialism. It is almost with this preconceived mindset that Marlow almost succumbs to this same worst impulsive violent mindset (look at thinking lit answer bold). Going further into self discovery and realises his own heart of darkness. Paints Africa as the heart of darkness, suggesting that its wilderness and wild inhabitants drive the Europeans to insanity and violence. Takes this stance to almost show how the Dark Continent is responsible for his behaviour, thus showing it to be the cause of Kurtzs insanity. Almost blaming Africans that they hold out temptations. His racist sentiments continue throughout. However, unlike the other colonists, Marlow does show some sympathy and admiration towards the natives; a viewpoint, emphasising his forward thinking mindset. Upon his very first encounter, he praises there vitality, muscles and seems entirely at peace with them. Gives the dying man a biscuit, and becomes friends with helman. Has a remote kinship with them as opposed to nothing with Europeans. Therefore it can be evaluated that he is just brainwashed by the politics of the time, but his contemplative nature, allows him to see through the cracks, and appreciate the African race. Later descriptions thus allow for readers to see the absurdity of racism. (Cedric Watts) Conclusion Although Marlow shows himself to be concerned with the heart of humankind, and the souls of individuals, the text emerged out of the very centre of racism and imperialism, therefore Marlow can be seen as merely replicating the colonial discourses available to him. Although he criticises the extreme brutal ness of Imperialism, he discourse is grounded in political, economic interest. He simply looks at Africa through a haze of distortions and cheap mystifications. It can be said that Conrad just uses Marlow to confirm and consolidate the wildest fantasies of the African savages to his European readers. However in my opinion his racist exaggeration and imperialist critique, are used to show how absurd racism was.

Meaning, Interpretation, and Tension in Literature Essay -- Literary A

"Iraqi Head Seeks Arms." (Pinker, p. 69) Quiproquo, double entendre, pun. These are instances of finding more than one possible meaning to an event, most often a phrase. We can't read Shakespeare, or Molià ¨re, or the works of many other authors if we don't believe that something can have more than one meaning. "There is no topic in philosophy that has received more attention than meaning, in its multifarious manifestations." (Dennett, p. 401) Meaning is one of our most intimate bedfellows – it is always in our minds. In Webster's Third New International Dictionary, meaning is defined as follows; 1meaning 1a: The thing one intends to convey by an act or esp. by language b: the thing that is conveyed or signified esp. by language: the sense in which something (as a statement) is understood 2: The thing that is meant or intended: INTENT, PURPOSE, AIM, OBJECT It is especially interesting that there is a difference between 1a and 1b in this definition, because this implies that there can be at least two meanings for a given event or utterance; what the meaner intends, and what the witness understands the meaning to be. The number of possible meanings grows when we consider that there may be many different meanings, or levels of meanings of the meaner. There could also be many witnesses to the event, each with her own interpretation. Each of these situations is like a different context, which could reveal a new sense. One area in which the possibility of the existence of more than one meaning or interpretation creates tension is literature. "Intention, text, context, reader – what determines meaning? Now the very fact that arguments are made for all four factors shows that meaning is complex and elusive, not something once and f... ...case, especially if we concede that certain things from which we derive meaning were created without intent or purpose. Perhaps our concept of meaning is a manifestation of our tendency to make up stories to explain things, or desire as humans to fill emptiness and to expand. We certainly don't have all the puzzle pieces yet; hopefully our understanding will evolve and expand as more information becomes available. Works Cited: Carle, Eric. The Very Hungry Caterpillar. New York; Philomel. 1969. Culler, Jonathon. Literary Theory. New York; Oxford. 1997. Dennett, Daniel. Darwin's Dangerous Idea. New York; Touchstone, 1995. Hofstadter, Douglas R. Gà ¶del, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid. New York; Basic Books. 1979 Mayr, Ernst. What Evolution Is. New York; Basic Books, 2001. Pinker, Steven. The Language Instinct. New York; HarperCollins, 1994.

Assignment Final Proposal

In order to enter the global economy, Future Growth Inc. Must gain financial support to achieve appropriate prices and adequate advertisement. Market Structure Future Growth Inc. Holds the determination and ability to gain success. Since being established in 1946, Future Growth Inc. Has financed, built, and sold its brand of forestry and construction equipment. The company has been able to increase profits over the years. As the United States' economy fell, Future Growth Inc. Experienced one-third of its workforce being laid off, a 30 percent decline in profits, and a domino effect from the reduction of sousing market sales.These factors have hindered the construction industry in its entirety. Nursing homes and hospitals still hold a demand for building construction within the united States, despite the economic recession (University of Phoenix, 2014). The heavy construction equipment necessary for the development of bridges, water lines, manufacturing and energy plants, nonresidenti al as well as residential buildings, and roads is manufactured by Future Growth Inc. Among this heavy construction equipment are mixers, off-highway trucks, large cranes, papers, and bulldozers.Having been in the industry for over Alfa of a century, Future Growth Inc. Is an experienced company. Executives have realized that collecting the funds necessary for the investment of this heavy equipment is greatly influenced by the arbitration rate, per capita income, various social conditions, and the existing infrastructure's condition (Gross & Weiss, 1996). The Thomas Money Service Inc. Scenario provided by university of Phoenix (2014) shares, ‘There are currently many domestic and international companies manufacturing construction and forestry equipment.Each company s equipment offers slightly different features and functions, which allows the market to supply many substitutes† (Para 6). This industry is an oligopoly market structure, as it is a market dominated by only a s elect few manufactures of a differentiated or homogeneous product (McConnell, Bruce, & Flynn, 2009). Future Growth Inc. Aims to advertise its unique products in the Middle East, specifically in United Arab Emirates. Product Elasticity Experts insist that construction machinery demand in the Middle East has steadily increased.A number of factors will continue to drive the demand for such machinery in this area Of the world (Sway, 2010. ) Sway (2010) shares hat the General Manager of the AJAX Contractors Association, Humid Salem stated, â€Å"As major developers start to repay contractors, they will be able to repay their sub-contractors and suppliers, giving a major boost to the industry as a whole. This will lead to more growth in the sector, and create a renewed demand for construction machinery as new projects get underway† (Para 3). Future Growth Inc. Also hopes to lease or sell more than 500 pieces of equipment has have been repossessed during the global economic recessio n. In the United States, these products are elastic, while demand elasticity in the Middle East is fairly lower. This provides a great opportunity for Future Growth Inc. To take advantage of that area's new demand for construction. Increasing a business' revenue can be achieved in three different ways: the value of client sales can be increased, client numbers can be increased, and client loyalty can be increased. Raising the price of a service or good is the fastest way to increase revenues.However, price increases for goods and services may not always be the best route to take when increasing revenues is the goal. Client loyalty to the company and product can prove to increase venues, as these loyal customers are willing to pay the price that reflects the experience, value, and skills provided by Future Growth Inc. (Doyle, 2005). Doyle (2005) states, â€Å"Perhaps you need to lose some of the clients who were used to your low prices to make room for clients who are willing and ab le to pay the prices that reflect your true worth† (Para 16).Raising prices has the potential to attract new clientele, as the act of raising prices can express the value of the product provided. When a company holds confidence in its self- worth, the industry as a whole will notice and respond accordingly (Doyle, 2005). Consumers question the value of a product if they perceive prices as being too low. The company's growth can also be hindered if prices are too low, as it has entered an unequal exchange of value. Developing a marketing budget including the increased price from marketing costs is being considered by Future Growth Inc.The ultimate plan is to increase advertisement in the United Arab Emirates and United States. Nursing homes and hospitals may take advantage of repossessed inventory to help meet the demand that the industry has for new facilities. The economy of the United States remains an area of concern for Future Growth Inc. So, exiting this market is not inc luded in the company s plan for growth. Profit-maximizing quantity is a focus of Future Growth Inc. , which is determined through the use of the marginal analysis concept. Future Growth Inc. Determines marginal cost by subtracting the change in total costs. When marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost, the sales of Future Growth Inc. Must increase until marginal revenue and marginal cost are equal. This will optimize profits. The table provided by the University of Phoenix in the Thomas Money Service Inc. Scenario illustrates this. Minimizing product costs s a focus at Future Growth Inc. As well. Traveling by air can keep distribution costs high, whereas water travel can reduce these distribution costs.

Causal Effects Of Gender Quotas On Sub Saharan Africa With...

Section 1: What do you propose to do / what question(s) do you hope to answer? For my research project, I intend to investigate the causal effects of gender quotas in Sub-Saharan Africa with a cross-case analysis. I am currently in the first semester of a two-semester independent study with Professor Holmes where I am researching this topic. The first semester is focused on building a literature review, while the second semester is devoted to creating and implementing a research design to investigate this topic. During the summer, I intend to expand on this project by reviewing more literature on the topic and implementing the research design with the additional data that I collect. Currently, there is an ongoing debate on whether gender quotas produce intended effects of women’s empowerment or simply lead to tokenism in politics. Intended effects vary by country but include descriptive representation and the creation of policy geared towards women’s issues. I aim to investigate whether gender quotas in Sub-Saharan Africa have led to women’s empowerment in politics or tokenism. Section 2: Explain why you want to do this research. What are your goals in undertaking the project, and why is the project you are proposing the best way of achieving these goals? How will this research help further your academic / intellectual development? Why do you find the work exciting? In undertaking this project, I intend to learn more in-depth about gender quotas in Sub-Saharan Africa.Show MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time